The results of experimental and theoretical analysis of properties of fractal antennas of different types are presented. The investigated antennas are two-dimension conductive structures of different fractal geometries which are induced by coaxial cable and microstrip. The measurements of VSWR, transfer constant between pair of fractal antennas and polar pattern in range from 2 to 18 Ghz are developed. The structure of electromagnetic field in short-range zone is studied. The distribution of field level in short-range zone is measured by a probe (symmetric vibrator) and visualized by thermosensitive tape. Antennas were multi-range and secured the receiving and transmission of microwave signal in wide range of frequencies. The studies were conducted for continuous and pulsed operation modes.